日本語の漢字でdominant-baselineの各種値をセットして、比較してみました
<!-- SVGで「漢」をdominant-baselineで描画 -->
<svg width=960 height=500>
<line x1=10 x2=850 y1=200 y2=200 style="stroke: green"></line>
<text x=926 y=200.5 style="dominant-baseline:central;fill: green; font-size: 14px;">y=0</text>
<g class="terms" transform="translate(20,200)">
<text x=0 dominant-baseline= "alphabetic" >漢</text>
<text x=80 baseline-shift="-24%">漢</text>
<text x=160 dominant-baseline="ideographic">漢</text>
<text x=240 dominant-baseline="hanging">漢</text>
<text x=320 dominant-baseline="mathematical">漢</text>
<text x=400 dominant-baseline="middle">漢</text>
<text x=480 dominant-baseline="central">漢</text>
<text x=560 dominant-baseline="text-before-edge">漢</text>
<text x=640 dominant-baseline="text-after-edge">漢</text>
</g>
<g class="labels" transform="translate(50,120)" >
<text x=0 transform="rotate(-45)">alphabetical</text>
<text x=80 transform="translate(10, 70),rotate(-45)">baseline-shift: -24%</text>
<text x=130 y=100 transform="rotate(-45)">ideographic</text>
<text x=140 y=200 transform="rotate(-45)">hanging</text>
<text x=190 y=240 transform="rotate(-45)">mathemetical</text>
<text x=280 y=300 transform="rotate(-45)">middle</text>
<text x=320 y=350 transform="rotate(-45)">central</text>
<text x=370 y=410 transform="rotate(-45)">text-before-edge</text>
<text x=480 y=450 transform="rotate(-45)">text-after-edge</text>
</g>
</svg>
// d3.jsで「漢」字のサイズを取得し、枠を描画
var d = [];
d3.selectAll('.terms text')
.each(function() { d.push(this.getBBox()) });
d3.select('svg .terms').selectAll('rect')
.data(d).enter()
.append('rect')
.attr('x', function(d) {return d.x})
.attr('y', function(d) {return d.y})
.attr('width', function(d) {return d.width})
.attr('height', function(d) {return d.height})
.style('stroke', 'gray')
.style('stroke-dasharray', '6 6')
.style('fill', 'none')